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PART I - Constitution And Incorporation

Memorandum of Association

Mode of forming company

5. Any five or more persons (or where the company to be formed will be a private company, any two or more persons) associated for any lawful purpose may, by subscribing their names to a Memorandum of Association, and otherwise complying with the requisitions of this Act in respect of registration, form an incorporated company, with or without limited liability.

Restriction on carrying on Insurance business

5A. (1) After the date on which this section comes into force, and notwithstanding the provisions of carrying on Insurance section 5, no person shall incorporate a company for carrying on the business of insurance, unless, prior approval for such incorporation has been obtained from the Ministry of Finance

(2) In this section "Business of Insurance"- (a) means the assumption of the obligations of an insurer in any class of insurance business; and (b) includes re-insurance business.

Mode of limiting liability of members

6. The liability of the members of a company formed under this Act may, according to the Memorandum of Association, be limited either to the amount, if any, unpaid on the shares respectively held by them, or to such amount as the members may respectively undertake by the Memorandum of Association to contribute to the assets of the Company in the event of its being wound up.

Memorandum of Association of a company limited by shares

7. Where a company is formed an the principle of having the liability of its members limited to the Association of an amount unpaid on their shares, hereinafter referred to as a company limited by shares, the Memorandum of Association shall contain the following things that is to say -

(a) The name of the proposed company, with the addition of the word "Limited" as the last word in such name;

(b) the place within the Territory in which the registered office of the company is proposed to be situate;

(d) a declaration that the liability of the members is limited;

(e) the amount of capital with which the company proposes to be registered, divided into shares of a certain fixed amount:

Provided: -

(i) that no subscriber shall take less than one share;

(ii) that each subscriber of the Memorandum of Association shall write opposite to his name, the number of shares he takes.

Memorandum of Association of a company limited by guarantee

8. Where a company is formed on the principle of having the liability of its members limited to such amount as the members respectively undertake to contribute to the assets of the company in the event of the same being wound up, hereinafter referred to as a company limited by guarantee, the Memorandum of Association shall contain the following things, that is to say -

(a) the name of the proposed company, with the addition of the word "Limited" as the last word in such name;

(b) the place within the Territory in which the registered office of the company is proposed to be situate;

(d) a declaration that each member undertakes to contribute to the assets of- the company, in the event of the same being wound up during the time that he is a member, or within one year afterwards, for payment of the debts and liabilities of the company contracted before the time at which he ceases to be a member, and of the costs, charges and expenses of winding up the company, and for the adjustment of the rights of the contributories amongst themselves, such amount as may be required, not exceeding a specified amount.

Memorandum of Association of an unlimited company

9. Where a company is formed on the principle of having no limit placed on the liability of its an members, hereinafter referred to as an unlimited company, the Memorandum of Association shall contain the following things, that is to say

(a) the name of the proposed company;

(b) the place within the Territory in which the registered office of the company is proposed to be situate;

Signature and effect of Memorandum of Association

10. The Memorandum of Association shall be signed by each subscriber in the presence of, and be attested by, one witness at the least, and the attestation shall be sufficient attestation for all purposes under the Registration and Records Act.

It shall, when registered, bind the company and the members thereof, to the same extent as if each member had subscribed his name and affixed his seal thereto, and there were in the Memorandum contained, on the part of himself, his heirs, executors and administrators, a covenant to observe all-the conditions of such Memorandum, subject to the provisions of this Act.

Power to alter Memorandum of Association

11. Any company may by special resolution modify the conditions contained in its Memorandum of Association, if authorized to do so by its regulations as originally framed, or as altered by special resolution in manner hereinafter mentioned.

Restriction of registration of companies by certain names

12.

(1)No company shall be registered by a name which -

(a) is identical with that by which a company in existence is already registered or so nearly resembles that name as to be calculated to deceive, except where the company in existence is in the course of being dissolved and signifies its consent in such manner as the Registrar requires; or

(b) contains the words "Chamber of Commerce", unless the company is a company which is to be registered under a licence granted in pursuance of the next following section of the word "Limited" to its name; or

(2) Except with the consent of the Registrar no company shall be registered by a name which -

(a) contains the words "Royal" or "Imperial" or in the opinion of the Registrar suggests, or is calculated to suggest, the patronage of Her Majesty or of any member of the Royal Family or connection with Her Majesty's Government or any department thereof; or

(b) contains the words "Municipal" or "Chartered" or in the opinion of the Registrar suggests, or is calculated to suggest, connection with any municipality or other local authority or with any society or body incorporated by Royal Charter; or

Power to dispense with "Limited" in name of charitable and other companies

13.(1) Where it is proved to the satisfaction of the Registrar that an association about to be formed as a limited company is to be formed for promoting commerce, art, science, religion, charity, other or any other useful object, and intends to apply its profits, if any, or other income in promoting its objects, and to prohibit the payment of any dividend to its members, the Registrar may by licence direct that the association may be registered as a company with limited liability, without the addition of the word "Limited" to its name, and the association may be registered accordingly.

(2) A licence by the Registrar under this section may be granted on such conditions and subject to such regulations as the Registrar thinks fit, and those conditions and regulations shall be binding on the association, and shall, if the Registrar so directs, be inserted in the Memorandum and Articles, or in one of those documents.

(3) The association shall on registration enjoy all the privileges of limited companies, and be subject to all of their obligations, except those of using the word "Limited" as any part of its name, and of -its publishing its name, and of sending lists of members to the Registrar.

(4) A licence under this section may at any time be revoked by the Registrar, and upon revocation the Registrar shall enter the word "Limited" at the end of the name of the association upon the register, and the association shall cease to enjoy the exemptions and privileges granted by this section:

Provided that, before a licence is so revoked, the Registrar shall give to the association notice in writing of his intention, and shall afford the association and opportunity of being heard in opposition to the revocation.

(5) Where the name of the association contains the words "Chamber of Commerce", the notice shall be given as aforesaid shall include a statement of the effect of the provisions of subsection (3) of the next following section.

Change of name

14.(1)A company may, by special resolution and with the approval of the Registrar signified in writing, change its name.

(2) If a company, through inadvertence or otherwise, is, without such consent as is mentioned in paragraph (a) of subsection (1) of section 12, registered by a name which is identical with that by which a company in existence is previously registered or which so nearly resembles that name as to be calculated to deceive, the first-mentioned company may change its name with the sanction of the Registrar.

(3) Where a licence granted in pursuance of the last foregoing section of this Act to a company the name of which contains the words "Chamber of Commerce" is revoked, the company shall, within a period of six weeks from the date of the revocation or such longer period as the Registrar may think fit to allow, change its name to a name which does not contain those words.

If a company makes default in complying with the requirements of this subsection, it shall be liable to a fine not exceeding twenty-four dollars for every day during which the default continues.

(4) Where a company changes its name, the Registrar shall enter the new name on the register in place of the former name, and shall issue a certificate of incorporation altered to meet the circumstances of the case.

(5) The change of name shall not affect any rights or obligations of the company, or render defective any legal proceedings by or against the company, and any legal proceedings that might have been continued or commence against it by its former name may be continued or commenced against it by its new name.

Unlimited Liability Of Directors

Companies may have directors with unlimited liability

15. Where a company is formed as a limited company under this Act, the liability of the directors or managers of such company, or the managing director, unlimited may, if so provided by the Memorandum of Association, be unlimited.

Liability of director, past and present, where liability is unlimited

16. The following modification shall be made in section 62 with respect to the contributions to respect to the contributions to required, in the event of the winding up of a limited company under this Act, from any director or manager whose liability is, in pursuance of this Act, unlimited -

(a) subject to the provisions hereinafter contained, any such director or manager, whether past or present shall, in addition to his liability, if any, to contribute as an ordinary member, be liable to contribute as if he were, at the date of the commencement of such winding up, a member of an unlimited company;

(b) no contribution required from any past director or manager, who has ceased to hold such office for a period of one year or upwards prior to the commencement of the winding up, shall exceed the amount, if any, which he is liable to contribute as an ordinary member of the company;

(c) no contribution required from any past director or manger, in respect of any debt or liability of the company contracted after the time at which he ceased to hold such office, shall exceed the amount, if any, which he is liable to contribute as an ordinary member of the company;

(d) subject to the provisions contained in the regulations of the company, no contribution required from any director or manager shall exceed the amount, if any, which he is liable to contribute as an ordinary member, unless the Court deems it necessary to require such contribution in order to satisfy the debts and liabilities of the company and the costs, charges, and expenses of the winding up.

Director with unlimited liability may have set off as under s.135

17. In the event of the winding up of any limited company, the Court, if it thinks fit, may make to any director or manager of such company, whose liability is unlimited, the same allowance by way of set-off as, under section 135 it may make to a contributory where the company is not limited.

Notice to be given to director, on his election,

that his liability will be unlimited

18.(l) In any limited company in which the liability of a Director or manager, is unlimited, the directors or managers of the company, if any, and the member who proposes any persons for election or appointment to such office, shall add to such proposal a statement that the liability of the person holding such office will be unlimited, and the promoters, directors, managers and secretary, if any, of such company, or one of them, shall before such person accepts such office or acts therein give him notice in writing that his liability will be unlimited.

(2) If any director, manager, or proposer make default in adding such statement, or if any promoter, director, manager, or secretary make default in giving such notice, he shall be liable to a penalty not exceeding four hundred and eighty dollars, and shall also be liable for any damage which the person so elected or appointed may sustain from such default, but the liability of the person elected or appointed shall not be affected by such default.

Existing limited companies may be special resolution

make liability of directors unlimited

19. Any limited company, may by special resolution, if authorized to do so by its regulations as originally framed or as altered by special resolution, from time to time modify the conditions contained in its Memorandum of Association so far as to render unlimited the liability of its directors or managers, or of the managing director; and such special resolution shall be the same validity as if it had been originally contained in the Memorandum of Association, and a copy thereof shall be embodied in or annexed to every copy of the Memorandum of Association which is issued after the passing of the resolution and any default in this respect shall be deemed to be a default in complying with the provisions of section 93, and shall be punished accordingly.

Reduction Of Capital

Construction of "capital" and powers to reduce capital

20. The word capital, as used in the next following sections, shall include paid up capital, and the powers hereby conferred to reduce capital shall include a power to cancel any lost any capital unrepresented by available assets, or to pay off any capital which may be in excess of the wants of the company; and paid up capital may be reduced either with or without extinguishing or reducing the liability, if any, remaining on the shares of the company, and to the extent to which such liability is not extinguished or reduced, it shall be deemed to be preserved notwithstanding anything hereinafter contained.

Power of company to reduce capital

21. Any company limited by shares may, by special resolution, so far modify the conditions contained in its Memorandum of Association, if authorized so to do by its regulations as originally framed or as altered by special resolution, as to reduce its capital; but no such resolution for reducing the capital of any company shall come into operation until an Order of the Court is registered by the Registrar as is hereinafter mentioned.

Company to add "and reduced" to its name for a limited period

22. The company shall, after the date of the passing of any special resolution for reducing its capital, add to its name, until such date as the Court may fix, the words "and reduced" as the last words in its name, and those words shall, until such date, be deemed to be part of the name of the company within the meaning of this Act.

Company to apply to the Court for an order confirming reduction

23. A company which has passed a special resolution for reducing its capital may apply to the Court, by petition, for an order confirming the reduction, and on the hearing of the petition, the Court, if satisfied, that, with respect to every creditor of the company who, under the provisions of this Act, is entitled to object to the reduction, either his consent to the reduction has been obtained, or his debt or claim has been discharged or has determined, or has been secured as hereinafter provided, may make an order confirming the reduction on such terms and subject to such conditions as it deems fit.

Creditors may object to reduction and list of objecting creditors

to be settled by the Court

24.(1) Where a company proposes to reduce its capital, every creditor of the company, who, at the date fixed by the Court, is entitled to any debt or claim which, if that date were the ommencement of the winding up of the company, shall be entitled, to object to the proposed reduction, and to be entered in the list of creditors who are so entitled to object.

(2) The Court shall settle a list of such creditors, and, for that purpose, shall ascertain as far as possible, without requiring an application from any creditor, the names of such creditors and the nature and amount of their debts or claims, and may publish notices fixing a certain day or days within which creditors of the company, who are not entered on the list are to claim to be so entered, or to be excluded from the right of objecting to the proposed reduction.

Court may dispense with consent of creditor on security

being given for his debt

25. Where a creditor, whose name is entered on the list of creditors, and whose debt or claim is not discharged or determined, does not consent to the proposed reduction, the Court may, if it thinks fit, dispense with such consent, on the company securing the payment of the debt claim of such creditor, by setting apart and appropriating, in such manner as the Court may direct, a sum of such amount as is hereinafter mentioned, that is to say -

(a) if the full amount of the debt or claim of the creditor is admitted by the company, or, though not admitted, is such as the company is willing to set apart and appropriate, then the full amount of the debt or claim shall be set apart and appropriated;

(b) if the full amount of the debt or claim of the creditor is not admitted by the company, and is not such as the company are willing to set apart and appropriate, or if the amount is contingent or not ascertained, then the Court may, if it thinks fit, enquire into and adjudicate upon the validity of such debt of claim, and the amount for which the company may be liable in respect thereof, in the same manner as if the company were being wound up by the Court, and the amount fixed by the Court on such inquiry and adjudication shall be set apart and appropriated.

Order and minute to be registered

26. (1) The Registrar upon the production to him of an order of the Court confirming the reduction of the capital of a company, and the delivery to him of a copy of the order and of a minute (approved by the Court), showing with respect to the capital of the company, as altered by the order, the amount of such capital, the number of shares in which it is to be divided, and the amount of each share, shall register the order and minute, and, on the registration, the special resolution confirmed by the order so registered shall take effect.

(2) Notice of such registration shall be published in such manner as the Court may direct.

(3) The Registrar shall certify under his hand the registration of the order and minute, and his certificate shall be conclusive evidence that all the requisitions of this Act with respect to the reduction of capital have been complied with, and that the capital of the company is such as is stated in the minute.

Minute to form part of Memorandum of Association

27. The minute, when registered, shall be deemed to be substituted for the corresponding part of the Memorandum of Association of the company, and shall be of the same validity and subject to the same alterations as if it had been originally contained in the Memorandum of Association, and subject as in this Act mentioned, no member of the company, whether past or present, shall be liable, in respect of any share, to any call or contribution exceeding in amount the difference, if any, between the amount which has been paid on such share and the amount of the share as fixed by the minute.

Savings of rights of creditors who are ignorant of proceedings

28. If any creditor who is entitled in respect of any debt or claim to object to the reduction of the capital of a company under this Act is, in consequence of his ignorance of the proceedings taken with a view to such reduction, or of their nature and effect with respect to his claim, not entered on the list of creditors, and after such reduction the company is unable, within the meaning of Section 116 to pay the creditor the amount of such debt or claim, every person who was a member of the company at the date of registration of the order and minute relating to the reduction of the capital of the company shall be liable to contribute for the payment of such debt or claim an amount not exceeding the amount which he would have been liable to contribute if the company had commenced to be wound up on the day prior to such registration; and on the company being wound up the Court, on the application of such creditor, and on proof that he was ignorant of the proceedings taken with a view to the reduction, or of their natureand effect with respect to his claim, may if it thinks fit, settle a list of such contributories accordingly, and make and enforce calls and orders on the contributories settled in such list in the same manner in all respects as if they were ordinary contributories in winding up; but the provisions of this section shall not affect the rights of the contributories of the company among themselves.

Copy of registered minute

29. A minute, when registered, shall be embodied in every copy of the Memorandum of Association issued after its registration, and if any company makes default in complying with the provisions of this section, it shall incur a penalty not exceeding four dollars and eighty cents for each copy in respect of which such default is made, and every director and manager of the company, who shall knowingly and wilfully authorize or permit such default, shall incur the like penalty.

Penalty on concealment of name of creditor

30. If any director, manager or officer of the company wilfully conceals the name of any creditor of the company, who is entitled to object to the proposed, or wilfully misrepresents the nature or amount of the debt or claim of any creditor of the company, or if the director or manager of the company aids or abets in or is privy to any such concealment or misrepresentation as aforesaid, every such director, manager, or officer shall be guilty of a misdemeanour.

Further provisions as to reduction of capital

31.(1) Where the reduction of the capital of a company does not involve either the diminution of any liability in respect of unpaid capital, or the payment to any shareholder of any paid up capital - (a) the creditors of the company shall not unless the Court otherwise directs, be entitled to object or required to consent to the reduction; and (b) it shall not be necessary before the presentation of the petition for confirming the reduction to add, and the Court may, if it thinks it expedient to do so, dispense altogether with the addition of the words "and reduced" as hereinbefore mentioned.

(2) In any case in which the Court thinks fit so to do, it may require the company to publish, in such manner as it thinks fit, the reasons for the reduction of its capital, or such other information in regard to the reduction of its capital, as the Court may think expedient with a view to give proper information to the public in relation to the reduction of its capital by a company, and, if the Court thinks fit, the causes which led to such reduction.

(3) The minute required to be registered in the case of the reduction shall show, in addition to the other particulars required by law, the amount, if any, at the date of registration of the minute, proposed to be deemed to have been paid up on each share.

Power to reduce capital by the cancellation of unissued shares

32. Any company limited by shares may so far modify the conditions contained in its Memorandum of Association, if authorized so to do by its regulations as originally framed, or as altered by special resolution, as to reduce its capital by cancelling any shares, which at the date of the passing of such resolution, have not been taken or agreed to be taken by any person; and the provisions of sections 21 to 30 shall not apply to any reduction of capital made in pursuance of the section.

Accumulated profits may be returned to shareholders in reduction of capital

33.(1) When any company has accumulated a sum of undivided profits, which, with the consent of shareholders, may be distributed among the shareholders in the form of a dividend or bonus, it shall be lawful for the company, by special resolution, to return the same, or any part thereof, to the shareholders in reduction of the paid up capital of the company, the unpaid capital being thereby increased by a similar amount.

(2) The powers vested in the directors of making calls upon the shareholders, in respect of moneys unpaid on their shares, shall extend to the amount of unpaid capital as augmented by such reduction.

No resolution to take effect until particulars have been registered

34. No such special resolution as aforesaid shall take effect until a Memorandum, showing the particulars required by law in the case of a reduction of capital by order of the Court, shall have been produced to and registered by the Registrar.

Power to any shareholder within one month after passing of resolution, to require company to retain moneys paid upon shares held by such person

35. Upon any reduction of paid up capital made in pursuance of the last two preceding sections, it shall be lawful for any one or more of several joint shareholders, within one month after the passing of the special resolution for such reduction, to require the company to retain, and the company shall retain accordingly, the whole of the moneys actually paid upon the shares held by such person, either alone or jointly with any other person or persons, and which, in consequence of such reduction, would otherwise be returned to him or them; and, thereupon, the shares in respect of which the said moneys shall be so retained shall, in regard to the payment of dividends thereon, be deemed to be paid up to the same extent only as the shares on which payment, as aforesaid, has been accepted by the shareholders in reduction of their paid up capital; and the company shall invest and keep invested the moneys so retained, in such securities authorized for investment by trustees as the company shall determine, and upon the money so invested, or upon so much thereof as, from time to time, exceeds the amount of calls subsequently made upon the shares in respect of which such moneys shall have been retained, the company shall pay such interest as shall be received by them, from time to time, on such securities, and the amount so retained and invested shall be held to represent the future calls which may be made to replace the capital so reduced on those shares, whether the amount obtained on sale of the whole, or such proportion thereof as represents the amount of any call when made, produces more or less than the amount of such call.

Company to specify amounts which shareholders have required them to retain under s.35; also to specify amounts of profits returned to shareholders

36. From and after such reduction of capital under sections 33 and 34, the company shall specify in the annual lists of members to be made by them in pursuance of the last preceding section, and the company shall also specify in the statements of account laid before any general marketing of the company the amount of the undivided profits of the company which shall have been returned to the shareholders in reduction of the paid up capital of the company under sections 33 and amounts of 34.

Power to issue redeemable shares

36A.(1) Subject to the provisions of this section, a company limited by shares may, if so authorized by its Articles of Association, issues shares which are, or at the option of the company are to be liable, to be redeemed: - Provided that no such shares shall be redeemed unless a director or manager shall first have filed with the Registrar a declaration that the proposed redemption will leave unimpaired capital or other assets of not less than the paid up value of the shares which are not to be redeemed or are not redeemable in addition to such sum as at the date of the proposed redemption would be required to meet the liabilities of the company.

(2) Subject to the provisions of this section, the redemption of shares thereunder may be effected on such terms and in such manner as may be provided by the Articles of Association of the Company.

(3) The redemption of shares under this section by a company shall not be taken as reducing the amount of the company's authorized share capital.

(4) Where in pursuance of this section a company has redeemed or is about to redeem any shares, it shall have power to issue shares up to the nominal amount of the shares redeemed or to be redeemed as if those shares had never been issued.

(5) The capital redemption reserve fund may, notwithstanding anything in this section, be applied by the company in paying up unissued shares of the company to be issued to members of the company as fully paid bonus shares.

Subdivision Of Shares

Shares may be divided into shares of smaller amount

37. Any company limited by shares may, by special resolution, so far modify the conditions contained in its Memorandum of Association, if authorized so to do by its regulations as originally framed or as altered by special resolution, as by subdivision of its existing shares or any of them, to divide its capital, or part thereof, into shares of smaller amount than is fixed by its Memorandum of Association:

Provided that, in the subdivision of existing shares, the proportion between the amount which is paid and the amount, if any, which is unpaid on each share of reduced amount shall be the same as it was in the case of the existing share or shares from which the share of reduced amount is derived.

Special resolution to be embodied in Memorandum of Association

38. The statement of the number and amount of shares into which the capital of the company is divided, contained in every copy of the Memorandum of Association issued after the passing of any such special resolution, shall be in accordance with such resolution; and any company which makes default in complying with the provisions of this section shall incur a penalty not exceeding four dollars and eighty cents for each copy in respect of which such default is made; and every director and manager of the company who knowingly or wilfully authorized or permits such default shall incur the like penalty.

Articles Of Association

Regulations to be prescribed by Articles of Association

39. The Memorandum of Association may, in the case of a company limited by shares, and shall, in the case of a company limited by guarantee or unlimited, be accompanied, when registered, by Articles of Association, signed by the subscribers to the Memorandum of Association and prescribing such regulations for the company as the subscribers to Memorandum of Association deem expedient. The Articles shall be expressed in separate paragraphs, numbered arithmetically. They may adopt all or any of the provisions contained in the table marked A in the First Schedule. They shall, in the case of a company, whether limited by guarantee or unlimited, that has a capital divided into shares, state the amount of capital with which the company proposes to be registered, and, in the case of a company, whether limited by guarantee or unlimited, that has not a capital divided into shares, state the number of members with which the company proposes to be registered, for the purpose of enabling the Registrar to determine the fees payable on registration. In a company limited by guarantee or unlimited, and having a capital divided into shares, each subscriber shall take one share at the least, and shall write opposite to his name in the Memorandum of Association the number of shares he takes.

Application of Table A.

40. In the case of a company limited by shares, if the Memorandum of Association is not accompanied by Articles of Association, or in so far as the Articles do not exclude or modify the regulations contained in the table marked A in the First Schedule, the last-mentioned regulations shall, so far as the same are applicable, be deemed to be the regulations of the company, in the same manner and to the same extent as if they had been inserted in the Articles of Association and the Articles had been duly registered.

Signature and effect of Articles of Association Cap.67.

41. The Articles of Association shall be printed and shall be signed by each subscriber in the presence of, and be attested by, one witness at the least, and such attestation shall be a sufficient attestation for all purposes under the Registration and Records Act; when registered they shall bind the company and the members thereof to the same extent as if each member had subscribed his name and affixed his seal thereto, and there were in such Articles contained a covenant on the part of himself, his heirs, executors, and administrators to conform to all the regulations contained in such Articles, subject to the provisions of this Act; and all moneys payable by any member to the company, in pursuance of the conditions and regulations of the company, or any of such conditions or regulations, shall be deemed to be a specialty debt due from such member to the company.

General Provisions

Registration of Memorandum and Articles

42. The Memorandum of Association and the Articles of Association, if any, shall be delivered to the Registrar, who shall retain and register the same. There shall be paid to the Registrar by a company having a capital divided into shares, in respect of the several matters mentioned in the table marked B in the First Schedule, the several fees therein specified, or such smaller fees as the Governor aforesaid may from time to time direct; and all fees paid to the said Registrar in pursuance of this Act shall be paid into the Treasury to be applied as is hereinafter provided.

Effect of registration.

43. Upon the registration of the Memorandum of Association, and of the Articles of Association in cases where Articles of Association are required by this Act or by the desire of the parties to be registered, the Registrar shall certify under his hand that the company is incorporated, and, in the case of a limited company, that the company is limited. The subscribers of the Memorandum of Association, together with such other persons as may from time to time become members of the company, shall thereupon be a body corporate by the name contained in the Memorandum of Association, capable forthwith of exercising all the functions of an incorporated company, and having perpetual succession and a common seal, with power to hold and to sue and to be sued, but with such liability on the part of the members to contribute to the assets of the company in the event of the same being wound up as is hereinafter mentioned. A certificate of the incorporation of any company, given by the Registrar, shall be conclusive evidence that all the requisitions of this Act in respect of registration have been complied with: Provided that any certificate of the incorporation of any company, given by the Registrar for the time being, shall be received in evidence as if it were the original certificate, and any copy of, or extract from, any of the documents or part of the documents, kept and registered at the office for the registration of joint stock companies, if duly certified to be a true copy under the hand of the Registrar for the time being, and whom it shall not be necessary to prove to be the Registrar, shall, in all legal proceedings, civil or criminal, and in all cases whatsoever, be received in evidence as of equal validity with the original document.

Copies of Memorandum and Articles to be given to members.

44. A copy of the Memorandum of Association, having annexed thereto the Articles of Association, if any, shall be forwarded to every member, at his request, on payment of the sum of twenty-four cents for each copy; and if any company makes default in forwarding a copy of the Memorandum of Association and Articles of Association, if any, to a member in pursuance of this section, the company so making default shall for each offence incur a penalty not exceeding four dollars and eighty cents.

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